1. See Winfield, “Myth of Absolute Liability” # p # cited in Fleming, p

Voir Winfield, « Myth of Absolute Liability » # p # cité dans Fleming, p

2. In 1695 he was commissioned to paint the main altar piece of the Church of St. Julian of the Flemings in Rome.

En 1695, il peint un tableau qui se situe dans le maître-autel de l'église de Saint-Julien des Flamands à Rome.

3. 37 Furthermore, funds which, without being collective investment undertakings within the meaning of the UCITS Directive, display characteristics identical to theirs and thus carry out the same transactions or, at least, display features that are sufficiently comparable for them to be in competition with such undertakings must also be regarded as special investment funds (see, to that effect, judgments in Abbey National, C‐169/04, EU:C:2006:289, paragraphs 53 to 56; JP Morgan Fleming Claverhouse Investment Trust and The Association of Investment Trust Companies, C‐363/05, EU:C:2007:391, paragraphs 48 to 51; Wheels Common Investment Fund Trustees and Others, C‐424/11, EU:C:2013:144, paragraph 24; and ATP PensionService, C‐464/12, EU:C:2014:139, paragraph 47).

37 En outre, doivent également être considérés comme des fonds communs de placement des fonds qui, sans constituer des organismes de placement collectif au sens de la directive OPCVM, présentent des caractéristiques identiques à ces derniers et effectuent donc les mêmes opérations ou, à tout le moins, présentent des traits comparables au point de se situer dans un rapport de concurrence avec eux (voir, en ce sens, arrêts Abbey National, C‐169/04, EU:C:2006:289, points 53 à 56; JP Morgan Fleming Claverhouse Investment Trust et The Association of Investment Trust Companies, C‐363/05, EU:C:2007:391, points 48 à 51; Wheels Common Investment Fund Trustees e.a., C‐424/11, EU:C:2013:144, point 24, ainsi que ATP PensionService, C‐464/12, EU:C:2014:139, point 47).